25. CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS
 
  2019 
R’m 
  2018 
R’m 
 
Reconciliation of profit before tax to cash generated from operations        
Net profit before tax  3 706     2 837    
Adjusted for:             
    Share of associates’ and joint ventures’ net (profit)/loss after tax  (18)    105    
    Depreciation on property, plant and equipment  1 236     1 133    
    Amortisation of intangible assets  586     537    
    Net finance costs (refer note 5) 998     962    
    Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration  (2)    18    
    Fair value loss/(gain) on derivative financial instruments  438     (127)   
    Gain on derecognition of lease assets and liabilities  –     (79)   
    Impairment of assets and investments  164     34    
    Profit on disposal of investment in joint venture  (1 501)    –    
    Profit on disposal of investment in subsidiary  (11)    –    
    Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment  –     (35)   
    Transaction costs relating to acquisitions and disposals  148     38    
    Other  –     4    
    Share-based payment reserve charge  81     77    
    Operating lease expense – straight-line  61     81    
    Retirement benefit asset and post-employment medical aid income  (39)    (34)   
    Employer surplus asset payments  30     –    
    Cost of inventories written off as expired stock  9     9    
Operating cash flow before working capital changes  5 886     5 560    
Working capital changes:             
    Inventories  (27)    (7)   
    Trade and other receivables  (127)    (23)   
    Trade and other payables  195     (27)   
Cash generated from operations  5 927     5 503