9. SEGMENT INFORMATION
 

IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about the components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the CODM in order to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance.

The Group痴 segments are aligned to those business units that are evaluated regularly by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

In southern Africa, the hospitals and complementary services segment comprises all the acute hospitals and complementary services which include mental health, acute rehabilitation, renal dialysis and oncology. The healthcare services segment comprises Life Esidimeni and Life Employee Health Solutions.

International comprises diagnostic services and healthcare services (Scanmed) across Europe and the United Kingdom.

Growth initiatives comprise the new outpatient business model, developing the imaging opportunity, investing in data analytics and clinical quality products within South Africa and product development internationally.

Corporate is an additional non-operating segment.

The comparative information has been restated to adjust for the change in the composition of the reportable segments. Growth initiatives were included as part of the diagnostic services segment in the prior year. In the current year, growth initiatives are disclosed as a separate segment and the comparative information has therefore been adjusted.

The operating businesses have been aggregated into different segments based on the similar nature of products and services, similar economic characteristics, similar type of customers and operating in a similar regulatory environment.

Inter-segment revenue of R5 million (2018: R4 million) is eliminated and relates to revenue between Life Employee Health Solutions and the southern Africa business.

Refer note 2 for a split of the major revenue streams.

     2019 
R知 
     2018 
R知 
    
Revenue1             
Southern Africa             
   Hospitals and complementary services  17 213     16 118    
   Healthcare services  1 259     1 122    
International             
   Diagnostic services  5 582     4 922    
   Healthcare services  1 349     1 260    
Growth initiatives  269     66    
   25 672     23 488    
Normalised EBITDA2             
Southern Africa             
   Hospitals and complementary services  3 933     3 703    
   Healthcare services  148     131    
International             
   Diagnostic services  1 253     1 206    
   Healthcare services  97     85    
Growth initiatives  (25)    (45)   
Corporate             
   Recoveries  1 292     1 218    
   Corporate costs  (971)    (763)   
   5 727     5 535    
1 Revenue of approximately 33% (2018: 23%) is derived from two (2018: one) external customers. The revenues are attributed to the southern Africa segment.
2 Life Healthcare defines normalised EBITDA as operating profit before depreciation on property, plant and equipment, amortisation of intangible assets and non-trading-related costs or income. The presentation of normalised EBITDA is not an IFRS requirement and is a measurement used by the CODM. Investors should not consider normalised EBITDA in isolation or as an alternative to operating profit, profit after tax or any other measure of financial performance presented in the consolidated financial statements. Normalised EBITDA as disclosed above may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies.

      2019 
R知 
   2018 
R知 
  
Depreciation             
Southern Africa             
   Hospitals and complementary services   (576)    (531)   
   Healthcare services   (18)    (17)   
International              
   Diagnostic services   (521)    (478)   
   Healthcare services   (62)    (59)   
Growth initiatives  (10)    (2)   
Corporate  (49)    (46)   
   (1 236)    (1 133)   
EBITDA1              
Southern Africa             
   Hospitals and complementary services   3 357     3 172    
   Healthcare services   130     114    
International              
   Diagnostic services   732     728    
   Healthcare services   35     26    
Growth initiatives  (35)    (47)   
Corporate  272     409    
   4 491     4 402    
Amortisation of intangible assets             
Southern Africa             
   Hospitals and complementary services   (110)    (110)   
International              
   Diagnostic services   (411)    (368)   
   Healthcare services   (17)    (19)   
Growth initiatives  (18)    (19)   
Corporate  (30)    (21)   
   (586)    (537)   

1 EBITA is defined as normalised EBITDA less depreciation.

       2019 
R知 
   2018 
R知 
  
Operating profit before items detailed below             
Southern Africa              
   Hospitals and complementary services    3 247     3 062    
   Healthcare services    130     114    
International               
   Diagnostic services    321     360    
   Healthcare services    18     7    
Growth initiatives   (53)    (66)   
Corporate   242     388    
    3 905     3 865    
Retirement benefit asset and post-employment medical aid income  39     34    
Severance payments  –     (51)   
Operating profit  3 944     3 848    
   Fair value adjustment to contingent consideration  2     (18)   
   Fair value (loss)/gain on derivative financial instruments  (438)    127    
   Gain on derecognition of lease assets and liabilities  –     79    
   Impairment of assets and investments (refer notes 10 and 11) (164)    (34)   
   Profit on disposal of investment in joint venture  1 501     –    
   Profit on disposal of investment in subsidiary  11     –    
   Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment  –     35    
   Transaction costs relating to acquisitions and disposals  (148)    (38)   
   Other  (22)    (95)   
   Finance income  60     40    
   Finance cost  (1 058)    (1 002)   
   Share of associates� and joint ventures� net profit/(loss) after tax  18     (105)   
Profit before tax  3 706     2 837    
Operating profit before items detailed includes the segment痴 share of shared services and rental costs. These costs are all at market-related rates.             
Total assets before items detailed below             
Southern Africa  13 550     12 998    
International  22 342     22 078    
   35 892     35 076    
Asset classified as held for sale (Max) –     2 841    
Employee benefit assets  448     401    
Deferred tax assets  1 102     700    
Derivative financial assets (included in other assets) –     100    
Income tax receivable  124     24    
Total assets per the balance sheet  37 566     39 142    
Net debt             
Southern Africa  4 481     8 018    
International  6 837     6 932    
   11 318     14 950    
Cash and cash equivalents (net of bank overdrafts)            
Southern Africa  (141)    (82)   
International  818     1 088    
   677     1 006    

Net debt is a key measure for the Group, which comprises all interest-bearing borrowings, overdraft balances and cash on hand.